(a) The DNA molecule carries genetic information - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 7 - 2014
Question 7
(a) The DNA molecule carries genetic information.
(i) In which structures is DNA found in animal cell nuclei?
(ii) Explain how particular types of these structures... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:(a) The DNA molecule carries genetic information - Leaving Cert Agricultural Science - Question 7 - 2014
Step 1
In which structures is DNA found in animal cell nuclei?
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Answer
DNA in animal cell nuclei is primarily found in the structures known as chromosomes. These are tightly coiled structures made of DNA and protein.
Step 2
Explain how particular types of these structures determine the sex of individual animals.
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Answer
The sex of individual animals is determined by the presence of specific chromosomes. In mammals, females typically have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). The combination of these sex chromosomes dictates the development of sexual characteristics.
Step 3
Explain the underlined terms.
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Cloned: This process involves making an exact copy of the cell or organism, resulting in genetically identical organisms. Genetic modification: This is the manipulation of an organism's genetic makeup by introducing, removing, or altering specific genes. Mutations: These are changes in the DNA sequence that can affect the structure and function of genes, leading to variations in traits.
Step 4
Write the genotype of the parent using the above notation.
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The genotype of the parent plant is expressed as NnRr, where 'N' represents normal size and 'n' represents pigmy size; 'R' represents regular leaves and 'r' represents crinkly leaves.
Step 5
How many new plants would you expect to show:
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Crinkly leaves: 40 plants
Regular leaves: 120 plants
Normal size and regular leaves: 30 plants
Pigmy size and regular leaves: 10 plants
Step 6
Give two reasons why male animals are castrated on farms.
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Answer
To prevent inbreeding, which could lead to poor health and genetic defects.
To improve meat quality, as castration can reduce testosterone levels, resulting in better-tasting and less aggressive animals.
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