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Draw a large labelled diagram of the human breathing tract - Leaving Cert Biology - Question b - 2014
Question b
Draw a large labelled diagram of the human breathing tract. Outline the details of the process of inhalation.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Draw a large labelled diagram of the human breathing tract - Leaving Cert Biology - Question b - 2014
Step 1
Draw a large labelled diagram of the human breathing tract.
Answer
To create a large labelled diagram of the human breathing tract, include the following components:
- Trachea: The main airway that carries air from the throat to the lungs.
- Bronchi: The two main branches of the trachea that lead into each lung.
- Bronchioles: Smaller branches of the bronchi that further distribute air within the lungs.
- Alveoli: Tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs.
- Cartilage: C-shaped rings that support the trachea and prevent it from collapsing.
Ensure that each part is clearly labelled to facilitate understanding of the human breathing tract.
Step 2
Outline the details of the process of inhalation.
Answer
Inhalation is the process whereby air is drawn into the lungs. The steps involved are as follows:
- Brain Activation: The brain sends a message to the respiratory muscles signaling the initiation of inhalation.
- Muscle Contraction: The diaphragm contracts and moves downward, while the intercostal muscles between the ribs contract and pull the ribcage up and out.
- Volume Increase: As a result of the muscle movements, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases.
- Pressure Drop: With the increased volume, the pressure within the thoracic cavity drops below atmospheric pressure.
- Air Intake: Due to this pressure difference, air is drawn into the lungs through the trachea, filling the alveoli for gas exchange.