11. (a) (i) For what is ATP an abbreviation?
(ii) What is the role of ATP in cells?
(b) (i) What name is given to the first stage of respiration?
(ii) Where in a cell does this first stage take place?
(iii) To what substance is glucose normally converted in this first stage of (ii)?
(iv) Is oxygen required for this conversion?
(v) Name a compound to which the substance that you have named in (iii) may be converted, in the absence of oxygen - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 11 - 2007
Question 11
11. (a) (i) For what is ATP an abbreviation?
(ii) What is the role of ATP in cells?
(b) (i) What name is given to the first stage of respiration?
(ii) Where i... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:11. (a) (i) For what is ATP an abbreviation?
(ii) What is the role of ATP in cells?
(b) (i) What name is given to the first stage of respiration?
(ii) Where in a cell does this first stage take place?
(iii) To what substance is glucose normally converted in this first stage of (ii)?
(iv) Is oxygen required for this conversion?
(v) Name a compound to which the substance that you have named in (iii) may be converted, in the absence of oxygen - Leaving Cert Biology - Question 11 - 2007
Step 1
For what is ATP an abbreviation?
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Answer
ATP stands for Adenosine Triphosphate. It is a nucleotide that serves as a major energy carrier in cells.
Step 2
What is the role of ATP in cells?
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Answer
ATP stores and provides energy for various cellular processes, allowing cells to perform work such as muscle contraction, active transport, and biochemical reactions.
Step 3
What name is given to the first stage of respiration?
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Answer
The first stage of respiration is known as Glycolysis.
Step 4
Where in a cell does this first stage take place?
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Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Step 5
To what substance is glucose normally converted in this first stage of (ii)?
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Answer
In glycolysis, glucose is converted into pyruvate, also known as pyruvic acid.
Step 6
Is oxygen required for this conversion?
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Answer
No, oxygen is not required for the conversion of glucose to pyruvate in glycolysis.
Step 7
Name a compound to which the substance that you have named in (iii) may be converted, in the absence of oxygen.
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Answer
In the absence of oxygen, pyruvate can be converted to lactic acid (in animals) or ethanol (in yeast).
Step 8
Outline subsequent events in the total breakdown of this product.
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Answer
In aerobic respiration, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion and is converted into acetyl-CoA. It then enters the Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle), where it undergoes a series of reactions releasing carbon dioxide and generating energy-carrying molecules like NADH and FADH2. These molecules then enter the electron transport chain, where the majority of ATP is produced through oxidative phosphorylation, with oxygen serving as the final electron acceptor, ultimately resulting in the production of water.
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