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Explain how weathering, leaching and podzolisation have impacted the characteristics of soil. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 16 - 2012

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Explain how weathering, leaching and podzolisation have impacted the characteristics of soil.

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain how weathering, leaching and podzolisation have impacted the characteristics of soil. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 16 - 2012

Step 1

Weathering

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Answer

Weathering is the process that breaks down rocks into smaller particles through physical, chemical, and biological means. This process significantly influences soil characteristics by:

  • Mineral Composition: As rocks weather, they release minerals into the soil. These minerals contribute essential nutrients, such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium, which are crucial for plant growth.

  • Soil Texture: The size and shape of the weathered particles affect the soil's texture, influencing drainage, aeration, and root penetration.

  • Soil Structure: The aggregation of soil particles, influenced by biological activity and organic matter, can enhance soil structure, promoting better water retention and root development.

Step 2

Leaching

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Answer

Leaching is the process where soluble substances are washed out of the soil by percolating water. Its impact on soil characteristics includes:

  • Nutrient Loss: Essential nutrients, such as nitrates, can be leached away, resulting in nutrient-poor soils. This can affect plant health and yield.

  • Soil pH Alteration: Leaching can lead to changes in soil pH, making it more acidic and affecting nutrient availability.

  • Water Retention: The removal of certain minerals can impact the soil's ability to retain water, leading to drier conditions.

Step 3

Podzolisation

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Answer

Podzolisation is a soil formation process characterized by the leaching of minerals and organic matter, resulting in a distinctive soil profile. Its effects include:

  • Eluviation and Illuviation: The upper horizon (A horizon) loses minerals and organic material (eluviation), while these materials accumulate in the lower horizon (B horizon). This can lead to a stratified soil profile, affecting root growth and water movement.

  • Acidic Conditions: The process contributes to the development of acidic soils, which can influence the types of vegetation that thrive in such environments.

  • Nutrient Imbalance: Podzolisation can lead to a depletion of basic cations, further impacting soil fertility.

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